Archive for the ‘Journal Summer 2009’ Category

Gourmet Dining with Julio & Family

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

After visiting Sillustani, Jose and I returned to Julio’s home for lunch.  As I mentioned before, Julio Vilca Monteagudo is a member of the LOS QOLLAS SILLUSTANI, ASTURIS, and my visit was arranged by Nina Fogelman of Ancient Summit.  (Read about Nina’s views on  “AYNI–The gift of giving and receiving with tourism.”)

Julio’s home is typical of many rural farms–a group of stone or adobe building connected by walls around an inner courtyard.

Julio and I in front of his home

Julio and I in front of his home

Another view

Another view

 Julio’s wife and daughter came out to greet me.

Isabelle and Melissa

Isabelle and Melissa

They introduced me to their llamas.
Julio's llamas
To enter their home, we passed under a pair of ceramic bulls or toritos which are supposed to bring good luck and fertility.
Julio & Isabelle's Toritos

Inside, Julio was dressed as if he were still working in a hotel kitchen–a white toque and jacket.  The meal began with cheese fritters followed by quinoa soup with eggs and lots of vegetables.  The main course consisted of alpaca steak with super-creamy mashed potatoes, rice, broccoli, and a garnish of carved tomatoes and cucumber.  Not only did everything taste delicious, but it was elegantly presented.  And for dessert–a perfect Crème Anglaise with a peach half.

Jose told me that Julio had gone to culinary school and worked in several hotel kitchens. What wasn’t clear was whether he left his family to train and work as a chef as part of his effort to initiate living tourism in Atuncolla or if he returned to Atuncolla after studying and working in the city and then began to work on ways to use his city-acquired skills.  Either way, I salute him for his initiative–and cooking skills.

If you want to read about another tourist’s experience at Julio’s with lots more pictures, see  http://wintersong.wordpress.com/2009/08/11/part-2-rural-tourism-experience-in-village-of-atuncolla/

Sillustani–An Ancient Peruvian Burial Ground

Tuesday, November 10th, 2009
Leandro put us ashore below the chullpas of Sillustani.
Aboard "Ship" on Lago Umayo

Aboard "Ship" on Lago Umayo

From the stone quay, we hiked up to the plateau.

At over 12,000', it was a breath-taking climb! At over 12,000′, it was a breath-taking climb!

Sillustani is known for its variety of funerary structures built from adobe, uncut stones, and finely-cut stone dating from both pre-Inca and Inca times.  Groups of structures are scattered over the landscape.

A Group of Pre-Inca Chulpas at Sillustani

A Group of Pre-Inca Chulpas at Sillustani

Here are a couple of close-ups of the pre-Inca chullpas.  Since many of the structure had been desecrated by grave robbers, it wasn’t clear to me just how much restoration work had been done on them, and if there truly was as much variation in style and construction as these photos might indicate.  However, all were built of stone and mortar,

Two variations of pre-Inca chulpas

Two variations of pre-Inca chulpas

 

The stonework is different on this one.

The stonework is different on this one.

whereas those built after the Inca conquered the area used no mortar.  Their stones were shaped to fit together, and even without mortar, some had withstood tremors and destructive vandalism. 

 

The Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

The Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

Scholars believe the local elites learned how to work the stone from their Inca conquerors and modified their customary style to be more in tune with their conquerors.

 

The Lizard

The Lizard

 Note how the stones are rectangularly faced and how the structure has a greater diameter at the top than at the bottom.  All the shaping and polishing was accomplished without stone tools.  The lizard chullpa is 39 feet tall with a diameter of 16 feet; its walls are five feet thick.

 These finely-cut and shaped structures encircled an inner tomb that was not much different than the pre-Inca tombs.  Supposedly, it was shaped like a woman’s uterus, and the mummified corpse was placed inside the tomb in the fetal position.
Backside of the Lizard Chulpa on Sillustani

Backside of the Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

It wasn’t clear why this chullpa had been partially reconstructed.

 Another Inca Chullpa at Sillustani

This one appears unfinished as the protuberances were used to support the ramps and scaffolding needed to raise the stones and assemble the structure.  Once the structure was completed, they were removed and the stone faces polished.

An Unfinished Chullpa on Sillustani

In the following example, you can see the tomb entrance, which typically faced east and was only one to two feet high.
 
An Eastward-facing Chullpa Entrance

Chullpas were much like our family mausoleums.  Family members were added when they died.

A Boat Ride on Lago Umayo

Tuesday, November 10th, 2009

From Puno I took an excursion to the village of Atuncolla where 14 families have organized themselves into an Association for Living Tourism called LOS QOLLAS SILLUSTANI, ASTURIS.  Atuncolla is near Lago Umayo.  According to their website, the inhabitants are descendants of the Qollas which controlled this area from 1400 BC until 1200 AD.  Scholars have concluded that Hatuncolla itself dates from the Incas and that “If the Qolla kings did have a seat of government before the time of Inca control, the best candidate for this seat is the peninsula of Sillustani, on terraces facing the lagoon.”  (See “The Squier Causeway at Lake Umayo” and other works by Catherine Julien.)

Puno and Environs

Puno and Environs

At the lake, a local fisherman named Leandro rowed my Ancient Summit guide Jose and I over to Umayo Island and then on to Sillustani.  After walking around the “cemetery”, our van picked us up and drove us to Julio’s home, where he fixed us a gourmet lunch.  In this post, I’ll talk about the boat ride.

Umayo Island in Lago Umayo

Umayo Island in Lago Umayo

Note the trees in the foreground and the fact that no others can be seen along the shoreline.  These are eucalyptus trees, and they are the only tall trees I saw in Peru outside of the jungle.  According to Jeffrey Luzar, the Australian tree was introduced on a small scale about 100 years ago, but “it did not become a prominent feature of the landscape until the middle of the 20th century.”

Down to the boat!

Down to the boat!

While the following view may seem like a typical scene to us, it was very remarkable in southern Peru.
A very large grove of Eucalyptus

A very large grove of Eucalyptus

 Interestingly, Leandro stood up to row us around the lake. 

Leandro Rowing on Lago Umayo

Leandro Rowing on Lago Umayo

First, he took us over to the periphery of the island which became an Ecological Reserve in 1998, primarily to preserve vicuña.  We glimpsed a few of them among the low shrubery on the island.  But for me, the highlight of the ride was the birds. 
Puna Teal

Puna Teal

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Black-crowned Night-Heron

 We also saw numerous Andean Coots, along with several grebes, speckled teal, and gulls.

Umayo Island is not generally open to visitors, and only a caretaker lives on it.

Caretaker's home on Umayo Island

Caretaker's home on Umayo Island

Since this was an ecological reserve, I was surprised to see what must have been the caretaker’s herd of cattle.
In need of a drink

In need of a drink

I was also surprised, given the island’s flat-topped profile, to find clear evidence of faulting.

Umayo Island Upheaval

Umayo Island Upheaval

Puno

Monday, November 9th, 2009

I spent three nights in Puno where I stayed in the Puno Plaza Hotel, right on the main square–the Plaza de Armas.  My days were so busy I never had the time or energy to roam very far, so my views of Puno were limited to those from my hotel balcony.  Sound dull?  Not if you’re an inveterate people-watcher like I am.

Let’s start with the truly dull stuff.  Puno is a city near Peru’s southern border with Bolivia.  It’s located at an elevation of 12,421 feet and has about 100,000 residents.  The city’s cathedral dates from the 17th century.  I was never around when it was open to visitors, so I don’t know what it looked like on the inside.

Puno's cathedral

Puno's cathedral

Now to an unexciting photograph that’s worth some time examining, starting with the tall white building.

The street at the other end of Plaza de Armas, opposite the cathedral

The street at the other end of Plaza de Armas, opposite the cathedral

Since earthquakes are a fact of life in the area, there are few tall buildings.  Few new buildings exhibit any signs of exterior style; most are akin the shop building in the foreground–boxy and utilitarian.  Also, note its location in the middle of the block.  It is unclear whether it is attached to another building or not.  Lots of non-commercial buildings have only small windows, if any, facing the street, and they usually have some sort of ironwork over them.  I also gathered that property taxes are a function of a building’s state of completion; there are lots of unfinished buildings with rebar sticking up from the flat roof.  Maybe they intend to add another floor; maybe not.  All of these factors make this building rather unique.

The swan

The swan

Next, note the absence of any vehicle on the street.  It’s 4:30 p.m. on a weekday!  I didn’t notice this fact at the time; it was a portent of things to come.

On the other hand, there is what looks to be a woman walking a bicycle.  She really has a sort of backwards tricycle.  Lots and lots of bicycles and tricycles have been converted to shops on wheels by entrepreneurs of various sorts.  This woman sells ice cream cones.

Ice cream vendor in Puno

Ice cream vendor in Puno

Curiously, at least for me who worked in downtown DC, there aren’t many people walking around given the hour.  There were more when I went out later to dinner and walked along this block.  The street converts to pedestrian-only at the next intersection, and numerous restaurants and shops can be found in this pedestrian zone.

And now, the people.  What do you think was happening on this park bench? 

Three People on a Bench @ Time 1

Three People on a Bench @ Time 1

Just a minute later,

Three people on a bench @ Time 2

Three people on a bench @ Time 2

In this first photo, there is no eye contact between the man and the young woman.  A minute later, they are both smiling.

Close-up of man at time 2

 

The woman at time 2

 

What did he say to her?  And what about the older woman whom the younger one is sitting close to?  She seems so resolute at ignoring what is happening beside her.  In another age, I would have thought she might be the duenna.

Colca Canyon, Part 9–Cruz del Condor

Sunday, November 8th, 2009

One of the primary reasons non-trekkers come to Colca Canyon is to see the Andean Condors at Cruz del Condor.  On the way to the start of my trek I did not see any condors, but on the way back, I did.  My pictures aren’t great, so if you want to see better ones, just search for “Cruz del Condor Peru” at www.images.google.com.

The Andean Condor (Vultur Gryphus) is “the largest flying land bird in the Western Hemisphere.”  Its wing span of nine to ten feet exceeds that of the California Condor.

Colca Canyon, Part 8–the tombs at Choquetico

Thursday, November 5th, 2009

On the road between Chivay and Cabanaconde, the remains of tombs built by the Collaguas around 1200 A.D. can be seen at a viewpoint called Choquetico, meaning holes in the hill.  Take some time to locate the structures in the second and third photos in the first.

Hillside tombs dating from 1200 A.D.

Hillside tombs dating from 1200 A.D.

Don’t see them? Try these.

Rock tombs perched on the cliff face

Rock tombs perched on the cliff face

Hint: Match up the red streaks

Hint: Match up the red streaks

Okay.  Now you are wondering, how did they do that?  And, yes, the lower portion of the cliff face is as smooth and straight up as it looks in the first photo, and there is no evidence of hand- and toe-holds like those used by the Ancient Puebloans at Mesa Verde.  According to our guide, the builders lowered themselves and their building supplies down from the top using ropes.  Remember, these people did not have any iron tools or the wheel.  That means, no pulleys.  Scary!  (I don’t like ladders or bridges, so the idea of dangling on the end of a very long rope being restrained by human hands is petrifying.) 

Be sure to note the beehive-like shape of the free-standing tombs.  It’s not unlike that of tombs found in the eastern Mediterranean, but the construction work is much cruder.  Also, the openings we see today were caused by grave robbers.  There were no stand-up doorways into these tombs, although there must have been some means of gaining entrance since my guide said the bodies of family members were often added later.  The general form of these tombs will be seen at another burial site near Puno, also on the Altiplano.

Colca Canyon, Part 7–Colca Canyon Lodge

Thursday, November 5th, 2009
The Lodge

The Lodge

While the oasis at Paraiso was the most basic lodging, other than a tent, I stayed in, just up the river was the most luxurious–Colca Canyon Lodge.  Located near Chivay where the river valley is wide and terraced, the lodge is pleasantly situated alongside the river.

Colca Canyon Lodge

The setting

The lodge's common areas

The lodge's common areas

There are several places near Chivay where one can visit natural hot springs.  This lodge has its own series of hot pools; the warmest was posted as being 37-39 degrees Celsius or 98.6 to 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit.  (In the US, the CPSC suggests hot tub temperatures be kept below 104 degrees.)  At first, I was the only one in the pool; it was delightful sitting in the warm water and taking in the view.   Then a group of St. Olaf College alumni took over the pool, and the serenity was lost.
 
A pool with a view

A pool with a view

 
The view

The view

 
Here one got a different perspective on the canyon terraces.  Presumably, these were employees enjoying an after-work game of football.
 
What a setting for a game of football!
What a setting for a game of football!

 

 

Colca Canyon, Part 6–Dawn on the rim

Thursday, November 5th, 2009

What can I say that’s new about hiking almost 4,000 feet up and out of a canyon?

We started up just before 4 a.m.  with Omar setting a nice slow pace that I could easily match.  (I’m much better at going up than down.  I take after the turtle racing the hare, slow and steady.  That way one doesn’t have to stop and catch one’s breath all the time.)  With my headlamp focused on Omar’s feet just a few paces ahead, I didn’t have to worry about falling down the side of the cliff, and I wasn’t psyched out about just how far we had to go up.  Unlike my hike out of the Grand Canyon though where I had all day, the bus was going to pick us up at 9 a.m., and we needed to eat breakfast in Cabanaconde before it arrived.  Remember, it took me 3 1/2 hours to get down.

First light, about half-way up

First light, about half-way up (5:53 a.m.)

It started to get light about 5:30 and by 6, we were half-way up, and Omar let me take a break to eat a mandarin and trail mix.  I was enjoying the hike.  In the dark, one pays more attention to the sounds and smells, and, temperature-wise, it was very pleasant.

The sun is up!

The sun is up! (6:20 a.m.)

Within a half hour, the first rays hit the tops of the mountains.  The picture just doesn’t capture the moment; it was spectacular.  Of course, I knew the temperature was about to climb, and I still had more than a 1000 feet to go.

It's 7:10 with another hour to go

It's 7:10 with another hour to go

There were now other people on the trail.  Children heading up to school; men with donkeys laden with supplies heading down.

I made it to the top! (7:52 a.m.)

I made it to the top! (7:52 a.m.)

Unlike the Grand Canyon where as one nears the rim one has a good sense of where the top is, it’s not the same when climbing out of Colca Canyon.  There are peaks all around you.  The sky doesn’t seem to expand and suck you up to the top.

Just 15 minutes from the top of the Grand Canyon

Just 15 minutes from the top of the Grand Canyon and the end is clearly in sight

At Colca Canyon, you seem to just arrive at another ledge and wonder if you really have made it and your guide is just giving you another pep talk so you can forge onward and upward.

It took me four hours to climb out of the canyon, and it was almost another half hour back into Cabanaconde.  We finished breakfast well before the bus arrived to pick us up.

My summary of the trek:  a great experience, down was more difficult than I expected, up was easier.  I’m glad I did it.  Would I do it again?  Sure, but I would take one of the longer treks that goes through villages inside the canyon and make sure most of my hiking was in the cooler parts of the day.  On the other hand, I yearn to return to the Grand Canyon even though it is a much, much harder hike; I don’t have that kind of feeling about Colca Canyon.

Colca Canyon, Part 5–the Oasis of Paraiso

Tuesday, November 3rd, 2009

Paraiso Las Palmeras Lodge in Colca Canyon

Omar was an excellent judge of his client’s capabilities.  He gave me a bottle of water and told me to go lay down (in the shade) for an hour.

My hut was the one behind the palm
My hut was the one behind the palm

We were staying at one of three “hotels” in the Paraiso complex.  If I understood Omar correctly, the original owner of this plot of land divided his land among his three sons.  Each runs his “hotel” independently.  At this one, the huts are new.  The walls are of bamboo, and the spaces between the poles allow for air movement and eavesdropping (if you want to listen in on your neighbors’ conversations.)

I never understood where the boundaries were among the different brothers’ hotels, but I’m glad I wasn’t staying in one of these.
The concrete block

The concrete block

The adobes with no windows

The adobes with no windows

At least these huts have windows

At least these huts have windows

There is no electricity or telephone at the oasis.  Guides usually bring foodstuffs and then cook meals for their clients in the communal kitchen, although the two men in the hut next to mine walked down with no intention of spending the night.  They didn’t even have toothbrushes, much less food.  Someone on the staff fixed spaghetti for them, so it was possible to buy a meal.  It was also possible to buy beer.  (Remember that mule with the side paniers?)

The kitchen and dining area

The kitchen and dining area

While I rested and cooled off, Omar fixed a lunch of vegetable soup, chicken, alpaca, potatoes, broccoli, mixed vegetables, and avocado, with a mandarin for dessert.  I had more vegetables in that meal than I had in all the other meals on my trip! 
After we ate, we sat a long time in the dining area talking about geology, the Inca religion, and the nuances of the English language.  How would you explain the differences in meaning between pebbles, rocks, boulders, and stones to a non-native English speaker?  What is the difference between a canyon and a gorge?  And what if you add chasm and glen to the mix?
After the sun had disappeared behind the rim of the canyon, I went for a “swim.”  There were, in fact, two pools–this one, which was part of my hotel, and the more obvious one visible in my photos of the complex that I included in my last post.  The other was empty, and when I walked by later on, the owner was scrubbing the bottom with a broom.
How did they ever build this?

How did they ever build this?

The water was frigid.  It was also very deep.  So after a few strokes, I headed back to the steps, where I sat and talked to another woman who also wasn’t keen on swimming in cold, deep water.
Then it was time for a shower.  A cold shower.  The shower was at one end of the building that also housed two flush toilets.  There was no door, just a curtain.  Then again, the stalls didn’t have latches or locks.
The facilities

The facilities

Back in my hut, I faced the problem of how to put on my pants again without dragging them in the loose dirt floor.  (Remember these huts were fairly new.)  In the end, I fished out one of the garbage bags I always keep in my pack and used it as a floor mat. 

Each hut contained two beds constructed on site.  Since I was by myself, I used the second bed as a table, closet, etc.  Neither of the beds was level, but the sheets appeared clean, and there were several heavy wool blankets on the bed.  I asked Omar about how the sheets got washed and by whom, but I didn’t get an answer that made any sense to me. 

Redressed in clothes that would keep me warm now that the sun was no longer shining directly into the valley, I strolled around the complex.  I found out that my host was obviously doing well; he was adding more huts.

Oasis Paraiso--more huts under construction

Someone at one of the other hotels had planted a flower garden, and even though it was now the end of June, a few flowers were still blooming.

Flowers blooming at Paraiso in Colca Canyon

After Omar fixed a light supper (a cream soup with lots of veggies), we sat and talked with the father and son Brits who were staying in the hut next to mine.  Since they had come unprepared to spend the night, they needed our candlelight to eat their dinner!  By the time we added their perspectives on the linguistic subtleties of the English language to our earlier discussion, we’d wiled away several hours and were more than tired.

Colca Canyon, Part 4–The trek down

Tuesday, November 3rd, 2009

I hiked into the canyon with a guide named Omar.  He turned out to be the best guide I had in Peru.  He was extremely well read on a variety of subjects; he was a birder; he was patient with my slow pace; he was a good storyteller; he was an excellent cook, etc. etc.

Omar

Omar

We set off from Cabanaconde about 9:45 a.m on a beautiful, cloudless day.  It took us less than a 1/2 hour to get from the village to the rim of the canyon.  Along the way we met both locals and tourists who had just climbed out of the canyon.  Some of the tourists had taken the easy way out–on the back of a donkey.

Not far from the rim, we saw a couple of Andean condors floating on the currents of air caused by the rising temperatures in the canyon.

An Andean condor soaring above Colca Canyon

An Andean condor soaring above Colca Canyon

The trail was so steep and rocky that I spent most of my time looking down at the trail and my feet.  When we came to steps (there were a lot, but not nearly as many as on the Inca Trail), I took my time and tried to use my trekking poles to reduce the impact on my knees.  Sometimes the steps were rocks that had been set in place; sometimes the steps were carved out of the rock.  All were uneven and of varying heights and depths.  It was very difficult to establish any sort of rhythm while walking.

The trail was on the south face of the canyon.  The sun was brutal.  I tried to drink lots of water, but it was hard to find a level place to stop and drink.  For me, the sun was the most difficult aspect of the trek.

About an hour into the descent, the trail rounded a bend and we could suddenly see into the depths of the canyon.  For the first time, I could see our destination.  It was almost directly below, and those squiggles between me and the swimming pool, that was the trail.  Like I said in the last post, whoever laid out this trail had no interest in using distance to moderate the gradient.

My first View of Paraiso

My First View of Paraiso

There were no expansive views like in the Grand Canyon where one can see for miles and miles until you get down into the Vishnu Schist, but the view was grand, nonetheless.

My first view down into the depths of the canyon

My first view down into the depths of the canyon

An hour and a half later, I was still looking down at the oasis which didn’t seem to be all that closer.

It's getting closer, but it's still far away

It's getting closer, but it's still far away

But amazingly, just twenty minutes later, it was within reach.
Finally

Finally

I reached Paraiso about 1:15 p.m.  It took me 3 1/2 hours with only a few brief rests to drink a Gatorade and eat a PowerBar and some trail mix.  Although I had drunk almost two liters of water, along with the Gatorade, I was very, very hot, and that pool looked very inviting.