Archive for November, 2009

Stuck in Juliaca

Thursday, November 12th, 2009

I’m sorry, but I have nothing really good to say about Juliaca.  It’s a dump.  Except for the main roads in and out of town and the road to the airport, most of the streets aren’t paved.  Wide boulevard-like avenues remain unpaved with dusty median strips. 

Unpaved boulevard in Juliaca

Unpaved boulevard in Juliaca

Piles of garbage grow in the middle of side streets.  All of this despite the fact Juliaca is not a small town.  It is the largest city in the Puno district with around 250,000 inhabitants and is the primary commercial center of the Altiplano.

Having missed the only flight to Cusco for the day, my guide and the office staff worked on finding a way to get me to Cusco.  The direct flight was booked solid for the next day, so the best they could do was a flight to Lima and then a flight to Cusco, both the following day.  That meant spending the night in Juliaca.

Getting back to town turned out to be a difficult task.  By the time, we were ready to leave the airport, all the taxis had disappeared.  Eventually, my guide talked someone into driving us into town.  Then, there was the problem of finding a (decent) hotel.  The first two he tried were full, but he eventually found me a room at the three-star Royal Inn in the heart of the city. 

Now this hotel is listed in at least one guide book, and its restaurant is recommended as a good value.  But the listing includes the words “heaters in rooms.”  Take it as a red flag, and don’t move in without it in the winter.  There is no central heating.  My room in Puno had a space heater too, but I never needed to use it, although it got quite cold at night outside.  So, maybe there it was just a back-up, or maybe my room got enough sun during the day that I never felt the need to use it.  But in Juliaca, my room had only a tiny window that opened into a shaft-like space that only hotels seem to have.  There was no way the sun could warm the room.  The room also lacked artificial light.  The lightbulbs reminded me of those in the electric candles I put in my windows at Christmas time.  My guide had discussed the heater issue with the desk clerk, who promised to bring one to the room.  Needless to say, I had to call several times, and only when my guide came back in the late afternoon to bring my boarding passes and discuss the logistics for the next day did I finally get a heater.  Interestingly, from my window I could look down a floor into a conference room where people were having a meeting with the windows ajar!  Maybe they had long underwear on under their suits, or maybe that was where all the space heaters were.

On the other hand, the food in the hotel’s restaurant was good.  At lunch time it was packed with businesspeople and families.  I was the only North American and obvious tourist in the place.  It was quieter in the evening.  My only complaint was that when I asked for bread with my evening meal, I was given two hamburger rolls for which they charged me some outrageous sum.  I wanted one of the delicious rolls served with most Peruvian meals.

Peruvian bread

Since there are no real tourist sights in Juliaca, my guide took me on a pedicab tour that ended at the central market.

On a Pedicab in Juliaca

On a Pedicab in Juliaca

Perhaps you remember my mentioning the prevalence of rebar sprouting from rooftops in an earlier post.  If you look at the background, there’s a regular forest of the stuff.  There were lots of oddly incomplete buildings in Juliaca.

Will they ever finish it?

Will they ever finish it?

The market in Juliaca had much more than the usual food and clothing items.  One could buy all kinds of electronics including name-brand large screen HDTV’s, cell phones, and high-end digital cameras.  On the other hand, Apple products were in short supply.  There were numerous stalls selling cut-rate CD’s and DVD’s.  My guess is that one would have to be very careful when buying any of these imported goods.

Road-walking Peruvian Style

Thursday, November 12th, 2009

Now for the travel experience most people dread, the one that keeps many people from even contemplating a trip to a third-world country, especially when they’re beyond a certain age.  I’ve been through various forms before, but this was the most serious.  It was also the easiest to live through since I was being taken care of by Nina’s very competent and thoughtful staff.

As to background material, if you care, you can try to figure it out.  I heard that the peasants were on strike because of a water rights issue in the Amazon region.  I never understood why that caused people to block roads on the altiplano.  And the Peruvian use of the word “strike” really confused me.  Who actually was on “strike”?  the transportation workers?  peasants?  I’d call creating road blockades “protesting”.

On a more personal level, the situation was this.  I was in Puno and scheduled to catch a 7:50 a.m. flight from the nearest airport in Juliaca to Cusco.  When my guide let me off at my hotel after the Lake Titicaca excursion, he said he would pick me up at 6 a.m.  Later in the evening, he called to say there was a strike scheduled for the next day and that we should leave by 5:30.

I dutifully got up at 4:30 and was waiting when the driver arrived, but no guide.  He lived some miles outside of town and despite leaving home early, he had been unable to find transportation to get him to the hotel.  I gather he had walked a significant part of the way when we picked him up on the road out of town, heading for the airport. 

About half-way to Juliaca the protestors blocked the road.  A policeman had stopped us a few miles before that to say that one van had arrived at his check point with a smashed windshield.  I, of course, had no idea what conversation transpired between my guide and the driver, but we had soldiered on until we encountered the protestors.  By the time we reached them we were following two other tourist vans.  The protestors pointed to a rough dirt track and we followed the other vans.  It was slow going with huge holes and ruts.  At one point, the driver in front of us who had a longer vehicle got out and put some rocks in one of the ditches before driving over it.  Eventually we got to a paved road which I think was the one towards Sillustani rather than Juliaca.  We hadn’t gone very far when the road reached the base of a cliff.  As we rounded a corner we found huge boulders and rocks being hurled off the cliff, and a group of protestors using them to build a wall.  There was no way we were going any further.  So we turned around and followed another dirt track which eventually got back to the main road, but we were closer to Juliaca than when we got off.  We were now at a section under reconstruction.

 All the time there were tense conversations between the driver, another guide who was on the way to the airport to pick up a group, and my guide.  My guide later said that the driver was more concerned about his vehicle than his passengers. 

Anyway, we were now forced to abandon our vehicle.  My guide took my suitcase, I wore my pack, and we walked towards Juliaca.  This section of the road had a new layer of tarmac, so it was easy to roll the suitcase.  All one had to do was dodge the numerous rocks and pieces of broken glass strewn around and avoid the seams and drop-offs associated with variations in layers of paving.  There were hundreds of people walking both ways on the road; everyone from peasants to students to business men in suits.  The other guide ran on ahead, so that when we reached the protestors barrier on the Juliaca end, he had arranged a ride for us to the airport.  I’m not sure how far we went, but it was probably between one and two miles.

 I was too busy walking to take a picture, so I found this one on the internet. 

Rocks on the road between Puno and Juliaca (Reuters)

Rocks on the road between Puno and Juliaca (Reuters)

 I’m not sure what happened to the tourists in the van in front of us; they were a larger group, so there was no way their guide could have managed their luggage.  

My flight to Cusco left on time at 7:50 a.m., but we didn’t arrive at the airport until about 8:15 a.m.  At various times I was told that 17 or 21 people missed the flight.

Here’s another clip from the Internet.  My understanding is that the police came through mid-day to clear up the mess, and then the protesters returned again the next day to repeat the process.

Quote:
Police clear a road covered in debris placed by protesters in Puno June 25, 2009. Peruvians from the Andean cities of Puno, Juliaca, Cuzco and Andahuaylas protested against the government by blockading roads and highways. Reuters

The Tranquil Isle of Taquile

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

Taquile rises up from the waters of Lake Titicaca almost 30 miles and two hours by boat from Puno.  It’s not very big, and less than 2,000 people live here, farming, fishing, and catering to tourists. 

The Terraced Fields of Taquile
The Terraced Fields of Taquile

From the boat dock, we wove our way across and up the terraces to a home where we were served the simple, but delicious lunch I discussed in an earlier post on food.  What had started out as a cold, dreary day was now warm and sunny.

Our Lunch Location on Taquile

Our Lunch Location on Taquile

After lunch we continued up to the town square on the top of the hill.
Taquile Village
On the square, we looked at a photography exhibit in the town hall and at items woven by the Taquileños in a shop across the plaza.  When looking at this building, consider this.  There are no motorized vehicles or beasts of burden on this island.  The primary means of hauling anything is by carrying it on one’s back.  That means all items not made by the islanders, like windows and doors, and even basic building supplies (other than adobe)  must be brought in by boat and carried up the hill on men and women’s backs.
The Town Hall

The Town Hall

Everyone on the island spins, weaves or knits, even the men who are responsible for knitting their own hats.

A Sash in the Making

The islanders restrain their sheep by tying a cord around one of their legs.  This sheep had just been decorated with red paint as part of some celebration.

A Sheep on Taquile

Like in most places without electricity, laundry is a time-consuming, weather-dependent task.

The Laundry Room on Taquile

 On this island, I finally managed to get a pretty got shot of a pair of  Andean Lapwing.

Andean Lapwing

Captive Birds

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

I’m going to digress from the travelogue to highlight something I found disturbing throughout Peru. 

Women with Bird at Colca Canyon

Women with Bird at Colca Canyon

People had wild birds as pets.  I tried to find out from my various guides if the birds had been injured so that I should think of their caretakers as saviors, but they either didn’t know, ask, or seem to care.  Maybe it was a matter of communication, but I’m more inclined to think it was a real cultural difference in how we view wild things. 

Woman with Bird at Colca Canyon

Now to be fair, we have lots of birds in zoos that were never injured.  And in many locations we have people and places that take in injured birds, so that we city folks don’t have to figure out how to do it.

A Caged Bird on a Floating Island

A Caged Bird on a Floating Island

But, I would have liked to have been told that these birds could not support themselves in the wild, and that if these people had not adopted them, they would not be alive.
A Captive Bird on a Floating Island

A Captive Bird on a Floating Island

Without that knowledge, I’m led to believe these people captured these birds to entertain the tourists.  I prefer to see birds soaring overhead, sitting at my feeder, or singing away in the forest.

More Photographs from the Floating Islands

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

Here are a selection of photos in gallery form.  Note the fish nets in one.  Most of the fish are now farm raised.

Everything is Made of Reeds

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

One of the most popular excursions from Puno is to the Uros floating islands in Lake Titicaca.  The day began rather inauspiciously for a boat ride on the world’s highest (12,500′) navigable lake–dull, dreary, and chilly. 

Motoring Through the Reeds of Lake Titicaca

Motoring Through the Reeds of Lake Titicaca

The Uros people have been living on their man-made totora reed islands since the time of the Colla.  Over the centuries they have perfected their ability to fashion reeds into just about anything they need, from a place to build their homes to their homes, tools, clothes, and transportation.  In the past, fishing was their primary means of support.  Since reeds decompose over time, they must constantly replace the reeds or start again.

The islands vary in size from just a few households to small villages. 

Uros island

 

Uros floating island

Uros floating island

Each boat tour operator has one or more villages that it works with to provide a Living Tourism experience.  The difference between the Uros and the villagers of Atuncolla is that the Uros have been at it much longer.  Now tourism is their primary means of earning a living, which has its good and bad aspects. 

One or two villagers stand watch on the tall platforms to signal the arrival of their tour boat.  Everyone then gathers to greet their visitors.

Getting Ready to Greet Visitors

Visitors are escorted singly or in small groups to one of the homes where we sit on a rolled up reed mat which when unrolled provides a sleeping surface.  The owner explains how they peel the reeds so they can eat the inner core and how they use the reeds to build  and maintain their islands and homes.  In the home I visited, there was a small wooden shelf with a tiny TV/radio as well as a single halogen ceiling bulb.   They were powered by a single solar roof panel provided by the government during Fujimori’s presidency.  Until then, there was no electricity on the islands.

An Uros' Tortora Home

Some of the brightly covered clothes hanging on the walls are used to dress up their visitors.  Ignore me and check out the solar panel and how the building is constructed.

An Uros' Tortora House with Fujimori-provided solar panel

In the following photo, you can see how they bundle the reeds for drying.  Walking across the reeds is similar to walking on a firm waterbed.

Reeds stacked for drying

The homes are used mainly for sleeping.  Most work takes place outdoors or in the open shed.  Food is cooked on outdoor “stoves.”

An Outdoor Stove on an Uros Island

 

The Uros also use their reed-weaving capabilities to create products for tourists to buy.  One of the little mobiles came home with me to be used as a Christmas tree ornament.

Uros crafts for sale on a floating island

When everyone had finished their shopping, we boarded a reed boat that was rowed over to a neighboring island.  As we pulled away from the dock, the villagers lined up again to sing us a farewell song.

Uros Waving and Singing Good-bye

Gourmet Dining with Julio & Family

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

After visiting Sillustani, Jose and I returned to Julio’s home for lunch.  As I mentioned before, Julio Vilca Monteagudo is a member of the LOS QOLLAS SILLUSTANI, ASTURIS, and my visit was arranged by Nina Fogelman of Ancient Summit.  (Read about Nina’s views on  “AYNI–The gift of giving and receiving with tourism.”)

Julio’s home is typical of many rural farms–a group of stone or adobe building connected by walls around an inner courtyard.

Julio and I in front of his home

Julio and I in front of his home

Another view

Another view

 Julio’s wife and daughter came out to greet me.

Isabelle and Melissa

Isabelle and Melissa

They introduced me to their llamas.
Julio's llamas
To enter their home, we passed under a pair of ceramic bulls or toritos which are supposed to bring good luck and fertility.
Julio & Isabelle's Toritos

Inside, Julio was dressed as if he were still working in a hotel kitchen–a white toque and jacket.  The meal began with cheese fritters followed by quinoa soup with eggs and lots of vegetables.  The main course consisted of alpaca steak with super-creamy mashed potatoes, rice, broccoli, and a garnish of carved tomatoes and cucumber.  Not only did everything taste delicious, but it was elegantly presented.  And for dessert–a perfect Crème Anglaise with a peach half.

Jose told me that Julio had gone to culinary school and worked in several hotel kitchens. What wasn’t clear was whether he left his family to train and work as a chef as part of his effort to initiate living tourism in Atuncolla or if he returned to Atuncolla after studying and working in the city and then began to work on ways to use his city-acquired skills.  Either way, I salute him for his initiative–and cooking skills.

If you want to read about another tourist’s experience at Julio’s with lots more pictures, see  http://wintersong.wordpress.com/2009/08/11/part-2-rural-tourism-experience-in-village-of-atuncolla/

Sillustani–An Ancient Peruvian Burial Ground

Tuesday, November 10th, 2009
Leandro put us ashore below the chullpas of Sillustani.
Aboard "Ship" on Lago Umayo

Aboard "Ship" on Lago Umayo

From the stone quay, we hiked up to the plateau.

At over 12,000', it was a breath-taking climb! At over 12,000′, it was a breath-taking climb!

Sillustani is known for its variety of funerary structures built from adobe, uncut stones, and finely-cut stone dating from both pre-Inca and Inca times.  Groups of structures are scattered over the landscape.

A Group of Pre-Inca Chulpas at Sillustani

A Group of Pre-Inca Chulpas at Sillustani

Here are a couple of close-ups of the pre-Inca chullpas.  Since many of the structure had been desecrated by grave robbers, it wasn’t clear to me just how much restoration work had been done on them, and if there truly was as much variation in style and construction as these photos might indicate.  However, all were built of stone and mortar,

Two variations of pre-Inca chulpas

Two variations of pre-Inca chulpas

 

The stonework is different on this one.

The stonework is different on this one.

whereas those built after the Inca conquered the area used no mortar.  Their stones were shaped to fit together, and even without mortar, some had withstood tremors and destructive vandalism. 

 

The Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

The Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

Scholars believe the local elites learned how to work the stone from their Inca conquerors and modified their customary style to be more in tune with their conquerors.

 

The Lizard

The Lizard

 Note how the stones are rectangularly faced and how the structure has a greater diameter at the top than at the bottom.  All the shaping and polishing was accomplished without stone tools.  The lizard chullpa is 39 feet tall with a diameter of 16 feet; its walls are five feet thick.

 These finely-cut and shaped structures encircled an inner tomb that was not much different than the pre-Inca tombs.  Supposedly, it was shaped like a woman’s uterus, and the mummified corpse was placed inside the tomb in the fetal position.
Backside of the Lizard Chulpa on Sillustani

Backside of the Lizard Chullpa on Sillustani

It wasn’t clear why this chullpa had been partially reconstructed.

 Another Inca Chullpa at Sillustani

This one appears unfinished as the protuberances were used to support the ramps and scaffolding needed to raise the stones and assemble the structure.  Once the structure was completed, they were removed and the stone faces polished.

An Unfinished Chullpa on Sillustani

In the following example, you can see the tomb entrance, which typically faced east and was only one to two feet high.
 
An Eastward-facing Chullpa Entrance

Chullpas were much like our family mausoleums.  Family members were added when they died.

A Boat Ride on Lago Umayo

Tuesday, November 10th, 2009

From Puno I took an excursion to the village of Atuncolla where 14 families have organized themselves into an Association for Living Tourism called LOS QOLLAS SILLUSTANI, ASTURIS.  Atuncolla is near Lago Umayo.  According to their website, the inhabitants are descendants of the Qollas which controlled this area from 1400 BC until 1200 AD.  Scholars have concluded that Hatuncolla itself dates from the Incas and that “If the Qolla kings did have a seat of government before the time of Inca control, the best candidate for this seat is the peninsula of Sillustani, on terraces facing the lagoon.”  (See “The Squier Causeway at Lake Umayo” and other works by Catherine Julien.)

Puno and Environs

Puno and Environs

At the lake, a local fisherman named Leandro rowed my Ancient Summit guide Jose and I over to Umayo Island and then on to Sillustani.  After walking around the “cemetery”, our van picked us up and drove us to Julio’s home, where he fixed us a gourmet lunch.  In this post, I’ll talk about the boat ride.

Umayo Island in Lago Umayo

Umayo Island in Lago Umayo

Note the trees in the foreground and the fact that no others can be seen along the shoreline.  These are eucalyptus trees, and they are the only tall trees I saw in Peru outside of the jungle.  According to Jeffrey Luzar, the Australian tree was introduced on a small scale about 100 years ago, but “it did not become a prominent feature of the landscape until the middle of the 20th century.”

Down to the boat!

Down to the boat!

While the following view may seem like a typical scene to us, it was very remarkable in southern Peru.
A very large grove of Eucalyptus

A very large grove of Eucalyptus

 Interestingly, Leandro stood up to row us around the lake. 

Leandro Rowing on Lago Umayo

Leandro Rowing on Lago Umayo

First, he took us over to the periphery of the island which became an Ecological Reserve in 1998, primarily to preserve vicuña.  We glimpsed a few of them among the low shrubery on the island.  But for me, the highlight of the ride was the birds. 
Puna Teal

Puna Teal

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Black-crowned Night-Heron

 We also saw numerous Andean Coots, along with several grebes, speckled teal, and gulls.

Umayo Island is not generally open to visitors, and only a caretaker lives on it.

Caretaker's home on Umayo Island

Caretaker's home on Umayo Island

Since this was an ecological reserve, I was surprised to see what must have been the caretaker’s herd of cattle.
In need of a drink

In need of a drink

I was also surprised, given the island’s flat-topped profile, to find clear evidence of faulting.

Umayo Island Upheaval

Umayo Island Upheaval

Puno

Monday, November 9th, 2009

I spent three nights in Puno where I stayed in the Puno Plaza Hotel, right on the main square–the Plaza de Armas.  My days were so busy I never had the time or energy to roam very far, so my views of Puno were limited to those from my hotel balcony.  Sound dull?  Not if you’re an inveterate people-watcher like I am.

Let’s start with the truly dull stuff.  Puno is a city near Peru’s southern border with Bolivia.  It’s located at an elevation of 12,421 feet and has about 100,000 residents.  The city’s cathedral dates from the 17th century.  I was never around when it was open to visitors, so I don’t know what it looked like on the inside.

Puno's cathedral

Puno's cathedral

Now to an unexciting photograph that’s worth some time examining, starting with the tall white building.

The street at the other end of Plaza de Armas, opposite the cathedral

The street at the other end of Plaza de Armas, opposite the cathedral

Since earthquakes are a fact of life in the area, there are few tall buildings.  Few new buildings exhibit any signs of exterior style; most are akin the shop building in the foreground–boxy and utilitarian.  Also, note its location in the middle of the block.  It is unclear whether it is attached to another building or not.  Lots of non-commercial buildings have only small windows, if any, facing the street, and they usually have some sort of ironwork over them.  I also gathered that property taxes are a function of a building’s state of completion; there are lots of unfinished buildings with rebar sticking up from the flat roof.  Maybe they intend to add another floor; maybe not.  All of these factors make this building rather unique.

The swan

The swan

Next, note the absence of any vehicle on the street.  It’s 4:30 p.m. on a weekday!  I didn’t notice this fact at the time; it was a portent of things to come.

On the other hand, there is what looks to be a woman walking a bicycle.  She really has a sort of backwards tricycle.  Lots and lots of bicycles and tricycles have been converted to shops on wheels by entrepreneurs of various sorts.  This woman sells ice cream cones.

Ice cream vendor in Puno

Ice cream vendor in Puno

Curiously, at least for me who worked in downtown DC, there aren’t many people walking around given the hour.  There were more when I went out later to dinner and walked along this block.  The street converts to pedestrian-only at the next intersection, and numerous restaurants and shops can be found in this pedestrian zone.

And now, the people.  What do you think was happening on this park bench? 

Three People on a Bench @ Time 1

Three People on a Bench @ Time 1

Just a minute later,

Three people on a bench @ Time 2

Three people on a bench @ Time 2

In this first photo, there is no eye contact between the man and the young woman.  A minute later, they are both smiling.

Close-up of man at time 2

 

The woman at time 2

 

What did he say to her?  And what about the older woman whom the younger one is sitting close to?  She seems so resolute at ignoring what is happening beside her.  In another age, I would have thought she might be the duenna.